Very cold in the winter.
The Ludwigsburg Residential Palace was originally only intended as a summer residence, the Old Palace in Stuttgart served Duke Eberhard Ludwig and his successors as a winter residence. However, in 1764, when Duke Carl Eugen, uncle to Friedrich, the first King of Württemberg, declared Ludwigsburg his primary residence, the palace began being occupied year-round, and continued to be until 1775.
Royal bedroom with two cast iron stoves.
The primary method for staying warm, then as now: heating. Often, only the royal family's rooms were heated with open fireplaces and tiled stoves. These could be stoked discretely from the servants' passageway through heating shafts. Heating required massive quantities of wood that was brought to Ludwigsburg from the Black Forest. High ceilings and poor insulation meant rooms were quite cold and drafty, despite attempts to heat them.
Since heating alone was insufficient, there were other options for staving off the cold during the winter months: Additional windows were hung in front of the muntin windows, rugs were laid down and the silk summer wall fabrics were replaced with wool fabrics. Ladies and gentlemen also draped themselves in warmer clothing, such as quilted undergarments and dressing gowns, gloves and hats. Warm beverages, like coffee and chocolate, and warm baths also made the cold days more bearable.
Ladies and gentlemen protected themselves from the cold with specific under- and over-garments.
